---
fiber: organic-cotton
application: t-shirt-manufacturing
fiberDisplayName: Organic Cotton
applicationDisplayName: T-Shirt Manufacturing
compareLink: /compare/organic-cotton
relatedApplications:
  - sustainable-fashion
  - workwear
  - polo-shirts
  - underwear-basics
alternativeFibers:
  - cotton
  - polyester
  - pima-cotton
  - bamboo
  - tri-blend
  - viscose
  - egyptian-cotton
  - cotton-poly-blend
  - supima-cotton
glossaryTerms:
  - shrinkage
  - preshrunk
  - bio-polish
---

# Organic Cotton Yarn for T-Shirt Manufacturing.

**Fiber Guide · B2B Sourcing · Data-Driven**

---

## Hero

Organic cotton has moved well past its niche origins. Today it accounts for roughly 1% of global cotton production — and that scarcity, more than anything else, defines its economics for t-shirt manufacturers. The fiber itself is structurally identical to conventional cotton: cellulosic, breathable, moisture-absorbing. What differs is how it was grown — without synthetic pesticides, synthetic fertilizers, or GMO seeds — and how that growing method is verified through audited chain-of-custody certification like GOTS or OCS.

For t-shirt manufacturing specifically, organic cotton delivers the same 26–32mm average staple length as mid-grade conventional cotton, producing yarn counts in the 20s–40s Ne range that cover every weight from 140 GSM summer basics to 220 GSM structured tees. The performance ceiling is comparable to standard ring-spun cotton. The premium you're paying is not for a stronger fiber — it's for a cleaner supply chain and the certification documentation that lets your brand credibly tell that story to end consumers.

---

## At a Glance

**The comparison, summarised.**

| Dimension | Rating | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Softness / Hand Feel | 7/10 | Comparable to mid-grade conventional cotton at equivalent yarn count. Organic certification doesn't improve staple length — you need GOTS-certified Pima or Supima to step up hand feel. Bio-polishing can close the gap for retail-grade tees. |
| Durability / Abrasion Resistance | 6.5/10 | Ring-spun organic cotton in the 30s Ne range holds up well across 50+ wash cycles. Shorter staple organic (below 28mm) pills faster than long-staple alternatives. Tensile strength averages 22–26 cN/tex — adequate for tees, not the strongest option. |
| Colour Retention / Colorfastness | 7/10 | Reactive dyeing on organic cotton achieves ISO 105-C06 wash fastness of 4–5 with correct fixation. No performance difference vs conventional cotton at the dye bath — the challenge is that GOTS-compliant dyes exclude certain high-fixation auxiliaries, slightly narrowing process latitude. |
| Breathability / Moisture Management | 8/10 | Cellulosic structure absorbs 8–10% of its weight in moisture. For a basic tee worn for 6–8 hours, organic cotton manages body moisture comparably to any natural fiber at equivalent GSM. Superior to polyester for comfort in warm climates. |
| Stretch & Recovery | 4/10 | No inherent elasticity. Standard jersey construction gives ~40–50% mechanical stretch. For fitted tees, a 3–5% elastane addition is typically required — GOTS-compliant spandex exists but adds cost and complicates end-of-life. |
| Cost Efficiency (cost-per-wear) | 6/10 | Yarn premium of 20–30% over conventional cotton narrows over a garment's lifespan if the fabric quality is comparable. Where organic cotton loses cost efficiency is in minimum order quantities — smaller runs mean higher cut-and-sew overhead per unit. |
| Sustainability / Eco Credentials | 9/10 | GOTS certification covers the full supply chain from fiber to finished goods. Water usage is still high (5,000–7,000 liters per kg of fiber) — lower than conventional but not as dramatic as often claimed. Soil health benefit is real and measurable over multi-year farm data. |
| Ease of Care / Wash Durability | 7.5/10 | Performs well with cold wash / tumble dry low protocols. Pre-shrunk finishes bring residual shrinkage to under 3%. Untreated organic cotton jersey shrinks 6–8% in length after the first wash — same behavior as conventional cotton, same solutions apply. |

---

## Why Organic Cotton for T-Shirt Manufacturing

**What makes organic cotton the right choice for t-shirt manufacturing.**

**01. GOTS Certification Unlocks Premium Retail Channels**

The Global Organic Textile Standard (GOTS) is a vertically integrated certification — it covers farming practices, processing chemicals, labor standards at spinning and knitting mills, and brand-level handling. For a t-shirt manufacturer, holding a GOTS facility license means you can issue transaction certificates to brand clients, who use them to make on-product claims like "made from 100% GOTS-certified organic cotton."

This matters commercially because major retail accounts — Nordstrom, Zalando, About You, and most EU sustainability-focused brands — now require GOTS documentation for their "conscious" or "sustainable" product lines. Without the certification chain being continuous from farm through your facility, the brand cannot make the claim, and increasingly they won't place the order. GOTS audit costs for a manufacturing facility typically run $2,000–$5,000 annually plus transaction fees of $0.10–$0.30 per kg certified. That's the entry cost to access the certified supply chain.

OCS (Organic Content Standard) is the lighter-weight alternative — it verifies organic fiber content but doesn't cover processing chemicals or labor conditions. OCS is easier to achieve but increasingly insufficient for premium brand clients who want the full GOTS story. Know which certification your buyers require before quoting.

**02. Ring-Spun Organic Cotton Delivers Consistent Hand Feel at Commercial Scale**

For t-shirt manufacturing, yarn count selection is more consequential than organic vs conventional status in determining final fabric quality. Ring-spun organic cotton at 30s Ne produces a fabric with a clean, smooth surface that bio-polishing can elevate to a retail-ready hand feel. Combed organic cotton at 40s Ne delivers a finer fabric suitable for fashion-forward tees.

The absence of synthetic pesticide residues in organic cotton can improve dyeing uniformity under high magnification — in practice, for standard reactive dyeing, this difference is negligible. Where it matters is in specialty natural dye processes, which work more predictably on organically grown fiber. For standard single-jersey construction, the practical processing difference between GOTS-certified organic and conventional ring-spun cotton is minimal with reputable certified yarn.

**03. Chain of Custody Documentation Protects Your Brand Against Greenwashing Claims**

Organic cotton t-shirts are subject to more regulatory scrutiny than almost any other fiber claim in apparel. The EU Green Claims Directive (effective 2026) requires substantiated, third-party verified claims for any environmental attribute. "Made from organic cotton" without a chain-of-custody certificate from a recognized standard (GOTS or OCS) will not meet this threshold.

For brand owners, the risk is not just regulatory — it's reputational. Investigations by the Organic Trade Association and others have documented that uncertified "organic cotton" yarn on the spot market sometimes contains conventional fiber, particularly in supply chains passing through regions with weak traceability infrastructure. GOTS transaction certificates (TC) are issued per shipment and verifiable in the GOTS database. Building your supply chain around TC-verified purchases is the only defensible position for a brand making organic claims. As a manufacturer, offering TC-level documentation is a competitive differentiator — many cut-and-sew facilities in price-competitive markets cannot.

**04. Consumer Willingness to Pay Supports the Cost Premium — With Caveats**

GWI data shows 60–70% of global consumers say they'd pay more for sustainable products — but actual apparel purchase conversion sits at 20–30%. The gap widens sharply above a 15–20% price premium over conventional alternatives.

The organic cotton premium works commercially when embedded in a product already positioned as premium on other axes — cut quality, knit quality, brand credibility. A GOTS-certified 160 GSM single jersey tee competing purely on sustainability against a 180 GSM conventional tee at a 25% lower price will lose. Pairing organic certification with combed ring-spun yarn, bio-polish, and design differentiation is where organic cotton t-shirts hold margin — not as a commodity with a certification sticker.

---

## Technical Specifications

**Manufacturing specs for Organic Cotton T-Shirt Manufacturing.**

**GSM Range**
- 140–160 GSM: Summer basics, layering tees, warm-climate year-round. Fine yarn counts (40s Ne), single jersey. Risk of see-through at lighter end — 140 GSM in white requires liner or careful opacifier selection.
- 160–180 GSM: Standard retail tee, the most commercially produced weight. 30s–40s Ne single jersey. The sweet spot for cost-per-garment vs hand feel vs durability.
- 180–220 GSM: Premium / year-round / structured tee. Requires heavier yarn counts (20s–30s Ne) or tighter knit construction. Interlock or heavy jersey. Better recovery, more body.

**Yarn Count**
- 30s Ne single (ring-spun): Workhorse count for 160–180 GSM tees. Good knittability, commercially available from most GOTS-certified spinners.
- 40s Ne single (ring-spun, combed): Preferred for 140–160 GSM fashion tees. Softer surface, slightly less durable than 30s. Specify combed for pilling resistance.
- 20s Ne: Only for 200+ GSM builds. Produces a more textured, slightly coarser fabric — not ideal for next-to-skin wear without bio-polishing.

**Knit Construction**
- Single jersey: 95% of commercial t-shirt production. Good drape, adequate stretch. Curls at edges before stitching — standard behavior, not a quality defect.
- Interlock: Double-face construction, more stable, less curl. Preferred for structured or heavier tees. Higher yarn consumption per square meter.
- 1x1 rib: Collar trim and cuff applications. Organic cotton rib should be specified separately — not all GOTS spinners carry rib yarn in the counts needed.

**Shrinkage**
- Untreated: 6–8% length, 3–4% width after first wash at 40°C.
- Pre-shrunk (compacted): Residual shrinkage 2–3% length, 1–2% width. Specify "pre-shrunk" or "compacted" in your fabric spec — do not assume it's standard.
- See glossary: [shrinkage](/glossary/shrinkage), [preshrunk](/glossary/preshrunk)

**Pilling Resistance**
- Carded organic cotton: Grade 2–3 on Martindale (5,000 cycles). Not suitable for high-friction applications.
- Combed ring-spun organic cotton: Grade 3–4. Adequate for most retail tees.
- Bio-polished (enzyme-finished): Grade 4–4.5. Recommended for premium positioning. See glossary: [bio-polish](/glossary/bio-polish)

**Colorfastness**
- Wash (ISO 105-C06): 4–4.5 with reactive dyes and proper after-soaping.
- Light (ISO 105-B02): 4–5 depending on dye selection. Certain GOTS-compliant reactive dyes have lower light fastness — verify with dye supplier.
- Rubbing (ISO 105-X12): 3.5–4 dry, 3–3.5 wet. Standard for cotton.

**Tensile Strength**
- 22–26 cN/tex (warp direction, ring-spun 30s Ne). Adequate for t-shirt applications. Below tensile performance of Pima (28–32 cN/tex) or Supima (30–34 cN/tex).

**MOQ Guidance**
- Certified organic cotton yarn: 500 kg minimum at most GOTS spinners; some allow 200 kg for established accounts.
- Knitted greige fabric: 500–1,000 meters (varies by circular knitting diameter).
- Finished garments from most GOTS-certified CMT facilities: 300–500 pieces per style/color.

---

## Manufacturing & Sourcing Considerations

**What to know before you source.**

**Knitting Machine Requirements**
Standard circular knitting machines process organic cotton without modification. 24-gauge for 160–180 GSM with 30s Ne; 28-gauge for lighter weights with 40s Ne. Organic certification has no effect on machine compatibility.

GOTS requires documented cleaning procedures before processing certified organic lots in mixed facilities to prevent contamination. Small knitting operations frequently underestimate this overhead — factor it into cost calculations for smaller GOTS runs.

**Dyeing Compatibility**
Reactive dyeing is standard for organic cotton. GOTS restricts formaldehyde-based fixatives, certain optical brighteners, and requires dye auxiliaries to meet annex 6 of the standard — this narrows process chemistry slightly but does not prevent commercial colorfastness ratings. For deep shades (black, navy, burgundy), budget 2–3 weeks of additional lab development versus 1 week for mid-tones.

**Finishing Processes**
Bio-polishing with cellulase enzymes is GOTS-compatible and strongly recommended — removes protruding fiber ends, reduces pilling from Grade 2–3 to 4–4.5, improves hand feel. Minor weight loss (1–3%): account for this in your fabric weight spec. Silicone softeners must be GOTS-approved; many standard commercial softeners are not.

**Quality Control Checkpoints**
1. Transaction certificate verification before yarn acceptance — check the GOTS database (global-standard.org) with the TC number.
2. Yarn count and twist test on each lot — organic cotton supply chains have more lot-to-lot variability than large conventional spinning operations.
3. Shrinkage test on greige fabric before dyeing — establishes pre-treatment baseline.
4. Post-wash dimensional stability test on finished fabric — confirm pre-shrinking was applied as specified.
5. Pilling test (Martindale, 5,000 cycles) on finished fabric — particularly important if bio-polish was specified.

**Lead Times**
Certified yarn: 8–12 weeks to mill dispatch. Add 2–3 weeks for knitting, 2–3 weeks for dyeing/finishing. Total: 14–18 weeks first orders; 10–12 weeks repeat orders with standing yarn inventory.

**Key Sourcing Regions**
India (Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh) — largest organic cotton producing region globally. Significant GOTS-certified spinning capacity in Tirupur, Coimbatore, and Ahmedabad. Turkey (Aegean region) — strong organic cotton production, shorter lead times to European buyers. USA (Texas) — USDA organic certified cotton with full tracability; primarily supplies North American supply chains.

---

## Trade-Offs — Honest Assessment

**Every fibre has limits. Here's the full picture.**

**Strengths**

- **Full supply chain auditability.** GOTS certification requires third-party audits at every stage from farm to finished goods. No other fiber certification system offers equivalent scope of verification, making it the defensible choice for brands facing regulatory scrutiny.
- **Comparable performance to conventional cotton for most tee applications.** Ring-spun organic cotton at 30s–40s Ne delivers essentially the same wearability, wash durability, and comfort as conventional ring-spun cotton at equivalent quality grades. The premium is in provenance, not a performance trade-off.
- **Reactive dyeing compatibility without special process investment.** Unlike lyocell or wool, organic cotton integrates into existing reactive dyeing infrastructure with only chemical recipe adjustments. No capital expenditure required.
- **Growing consumer demand with premium pricing runway.** Certified organic cotton commands 15–25% higher retail price acceptance than conventional in the EU and US premium casual markets, partially offsetting the raw material cost premium.
- **Biodegradable end-of-life.** 100% organic cotton garments biodegrade in soil in 1–5 years under appropriate conditions — a meaningful end-of-life advantage over any synthetic or synthetic-blend alternative.
- **GOTS opens doors to B2B buyers with sustainability procurement policies.** Major retailers in Europe increasingly mandate GOTS or equivalent certifications for their "conscious" collections, creating a barrier to entry that protects certified manufacturers from pure price competition.

**Limitations**

- **20–30% yarn cost premium over conventional cotton.** At a yarn price of ₹350–420/kg for conventional 30s Ne ring-spun, organic equivalent runs ₹430–540/kg. On a 180 GSM tee requiring approximately 200g of yarn, that's a direct material cost increase of ₹16–24 per garment — meaningful at high volumes. Mitigation: this premium narrows with scale; large-volume GOTS buyers can negotiate closer to a 15% premium.
- **No performance advantage over conventional cotton at equivalent quality grade.** Brand owners sometimes expect organic cotton to be softer or stronger — it is not, unless paired with long-staple fibers (Pima, Supima). Mitigation: specify combed organic cotton and bio-polish to maximize perceived quality differential.
- **Certification chain is administratively complex.** Every supply chain node must hold a current GOTS license; a single gap breaks the chain. Mitigation: use GOTS-experienced logistics partners and maintain a chain-of-custody tracker.
- **Supply tightness creates price volatility.** Organic cotton is ~1% of global production. Indian certified yield dropped 20%+ in 2022, spiking yarn prices 25–35% mid-season. Mitigation: dual-source between India and Turkey; use seasonal forward contracts.

---

## Cost Analysis

**The economics of Organic Cotton for T-Shirt Manufacturing.**

**Yarn Price (indicative, 2024–2025)**
- Conventional 30s Ne ring-spun cotton: ₹350–420/kg (India domestic); $4.50–5.50/kg (export)
- GOTS-certified organic 30s Ne ring-spun: ₹430–540/kg (India domestic); $5.80–7.20/kg (export)
- Premium: 20–30% depending on volume, season, and supply conditions

**Cost Per Garment Impact (180 GSM, 160cm body width single jersey tee)**
- Fabric consumption: ~220g per garment (including cutting waste ~15%)
- Additional yarn cost from organic premium: ₹18–26 per garment at ₹80–120/kg premium
- Additional certification overhead (GOTS TCs, audit amortization): ₹8–15 per garment at modest volumes (5,000 pieces/month)
- Total incremental cost vs conventional cotton tee: ₹26–41 per garment

**Cost-Per-Wear Calculation**
A quality organic cotton tee at 180 GSM, bio-polished, ring-spun 30s Ne, pre-shrunk: lifespan of 60–80 wash cycles before significant appearance degradation (pilling, color fade). At a retail price of ₹1,500 (MRP, Tier 1 India), cost-per-wear over 70 wears = ₹21.4. A conventional cotton equivalent at ₹1,100 over 50 wears (lower fiber quality, faster degradation) = ₹22.0. The cost-per-wear difference is marginal when quality specifications are matched.

**Comparison vs Alternative Fibers**
- vs Conventional cotton: 20–30% yarn premium, same processing costs. Justifiable only with certification documentation and brand positioning.
- vs Bamboo viscose: Organic cotton 15–20% cheaper at yarn level. Bamboo's marketing narrative is strong but certification is less rigorous; GOTS > bamboo eco-certifications for B2B buyers.
- vs Recycled polyester (rPET): Organic cotton 25–40% more expensive at yarn level but delivers superior comfort and end-of-life story for a natural-fiber positioning.

**ROI Considerations**
Brands accessing GOTS-verified supply chains report 12–18% lower return rates on premium organic tees versus equivalent conventional items, attributed to consistent quality control in certified supply chains. At ₹200–400 cost-per-return on an e-commerce platform, the reduction in returns partially offsets the material premium for DTC brands.

---

## Sustainability Profile

**Environmental and ethical considerations.**

Organic cotton's sustainability case is strongest on two axes: soil health and agrochemical elimination. GOTS-certified organic cotton farming prohibits synthetic pesticides and fertilizers — conventional cotton uses approximately 6% of the world's insecticides and 16% of insecticides despite occupying only 2.5% of global arable land. The shift to organic practices measurably reduces downstream water contamination and farm worker chemical exposure.

Water usage is the honest complexity. Organic cotton farming uses the same water-intensive cultivation methods as conventional — rain-fed organic production uses approximately 91% less water than irrigated conventional, but much of India's organic cotton is still partially irrigated. The 91% figure referenced in sustainability marketing applies to rain-fed scenarios; real-world savings are typically 20–45% depending on region and farm practices.

**Certifications to look for:**
- **GOTS (Global Organic Textile Standard)**: The gold standard for apparel. Covers fiber + processing + social.
- **OCS (Organic Content Standard)**: Fiber traceability only — weaker but easier to obtain.
- **OEKO-TEX Standard 100**: Tests for harmful substances in finished goods — compatible with, but separate from, organic fiber certification.
- **Fairtrade Cotton**: Covers labor and farmer income standards — pairs well with organic certification for a full social + environmental story.

**Biodegradability**: 100% organic cotton garments (no elastane, no synthetic trims) biodegrade in soil within 1–5 years. Blends with synthetics significantly extend this timeline.

**Consumer perception**: 72% of EU consumers (Euromonitor 2024) rate organic cotton as the most credible sustainable fiber claim — ahead of recycled materials. This perception premium is highest among 25–40 year old consumers, the core demographic for premium casual apparel.

---

## FAQ

**Organic Cotton for T-Shirt Manufacturing — answered.**

**1. What makes organic cotton better or worse than conventional cotton for t-shirt manufacturing?**

Better: Full GOTS supply chain certification that brand clients can act on. Access to premium retail channels requiring it. Agrochemical residue elimination — relevant for baby and sensitive-skin lines. Worse: 20–30% higher yarn cost with no inherent fiber performance advantage. Greater supply chain complexity and longer lead times. If buyers don't require certification, conventional ring-spun at equivalent quality will deliver the same garment cheaper.

**2. What's the minimum order quantity for organic cotton t-shirt fabric?**

Greige fabric from GOTS-certified knitting mills: 500–1,000 meters per color. Dyed/finished fabric: 500 meters minimum at most GOTS dyehouses (200 meters for established accounts at smaller operations). Garment MOQ: 300–500 pieces per style-color at GOTS CMT facilities. Below these thresholds, per-unit costs spike or compliant factories become difficult to find.

**3. How does organic cotton perform after 30+ wash cycles in t-shirt use?**

Combed ring-spun (30s–40s Ne), 160–180 GSM, bio-polished, pre-shrunk: holds shape well through 30 cycles at 40°C. Reactive-dyed organic cotton shows 10–15% color value reduction by cycle 30 — most fading in cycles 1–5. Pilling onset at cycle 20–25 on carded; bio-polished fabric pushes this to cycle 35–40. Dimensional stability within ±3% post first wash for correctly pre-shrunk fabric.

**4. What GSM should I specify for organic cotton t-shirts?**

160–180 GSM covers 80% of commercial retail applications. Use 140–160 GSM for premium fashion tees (warm climate, layering) with fine combed yarn; the lighter weight requires careful opacifier management for lighter colorways. Use 180–220 GSM for structured, year-round, or "premium heavyweight" positioning. Below 140 GSM, organic cotton lacks the body for a quality retail impression. Above 220 GSM, consider whether a different construction (interlock, waffle) serves the application better than increasing single jersey weight.

**5. Is organic cotton suitable for printed t-shirt applications?**

Yes. GOTS-certified organic cotton accepts all major printing methods: screen printing, DTG, heat transfer, and discharge printing. One note on discharge printing: some GOTS-compliant reactive dyes are not fully dischargeable — verify dye compatibility before committing a colorway. For DTG, pre-treatment adhesion and wash fastness are identical to conventional cotton; organic certification has no effect on print performance.

**6. What certifications should I look for when sourcing organic cotton yarn?**

GOTS transaction certificate (TC) on every shipment — verify the TC number at global-standard.org. Confirm the spinner's current GOTS scope certificate (annual renewal). Trading companies must also hold a GOTS license. For fiber origin, ask for the farm group certificate number. OCS is acceptable only if brand clients don't require GOTS — confirm this before purchasing, not after.

**7. How does organic cotton handle industrial washing in t-shirt manufacturing?**

Industrial washing at 60°C is standard for pre-shrinking. Organic cotton behaves identically to conventional — shrinkage rates are determined by knit construction and fiber length, not certification status. GOTS requires that washing chemicals meet its permitted substances list; confirm GOTS-compliant detergents with your wash facility rather than assuming compliance.

**8. What's the typical lead time for organic cotton t-shirt orders?**

First order: 18–24 weeks farm-to-garment. Breakdown: yarn procurement 8–12 weeks; knitting 2–3 weeks; dyeing and finishing 2–3 weeks; cut-and-sew 3–4 weeks. Repeat orders with standing yarn inventory: 10–14 weeks. Rush orders compromise either cost or certification integrity. Build seasonal calendars with 20-week minimums for first GOTS runs.

---

## Related Links

**Alternative Fibers for T-Shirt Manufacturing**
- [Cotton](/yarn/cotton/t-shirt-manufacturing) — The conventional benchmark. Same application performance at 20–30% lower cost, no certification chain.
- [Polyester](/yarn/polyester/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Moisture-wicking, colorfast, lower cost. Trade-off: synthetic feel, microplastic shedding.
- [Pima Cotton](/yarn/pima-cotton/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Longer staple, softer hand feel, higher cost than organic at comparable quality.
- [Bamboo](/yarn/bamboo/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Soft viscose-process fiber, strong sustainability marketing but weaker certification ecosystem.
- [Tri-Blend](/yarn/tri-blend/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Cotton/poly/rayon blend. Best drape and print retention; not compatible with organic certification.
- [Viscose](/yarn/viscose/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Silky drape, weaker structure. Often blended with cotton for fashion tees.
- [Egyptian Cotton](/yarn/egyptian-cotton/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Premium long-staple, excellent hand feel, limited supply, significant price premium.
- [Cotton-Poly Blend](/yarn/cotton-poly-blend/t-shirt-manufacturing) — Cost-efficient, wrinkle-resistant. Sacrifices breathability and organic story.
- [Supima Cotton](/yarn/supima-cotton/t-shirt-manufacturing) — US-grown extra-long staple. Top-tier performance at top-tier price.

**Other Applications for Organic Cotton**
- [Sustainable Fashion](/yarn/organic-cotton/sustainable-fashion)
- [Workwear](/yarn/organic-cotton/workwear)
- [Polo Shirts](/yarn/organic-cotton/polo-shirts)
- [Underwear & Basics](/yarn/organic-cotton/underwear-basics)

**Glossary**
- [Shrinkage](/glossary/shrinkage) — How to measure, specify, and control dimensional change in knit fabrics
- [Preshrunk](/glossary/preshrunk) — What the term means on a fabric spec and what residual shrinkage to expect
- [Bio-Polish](/glossary/bio-polish) — Cellulase enzyme finishing: mechanism, benefits, and trade-offs

**Compare**
- [Organic Cotton vs. Alternatives](/compare/organic-cotton)
